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Hierarchically porous materials: Synthesis strategies and emerging applications

Minghui Sun, Chen Chen, Lihua Chen, Baolian Su

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 301-347 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1578-y

摘要： Great interests have arisen over the last decade in the development of hierarchically porous materials. The hierarchical structure enables materials to have maximum structural functions owing to enhanced accessibility and mass transport properties, leading to improved performances in various applications. Hierarchical porous materials are in high demand for applications in catalysis, adsorption, separation, energy and biochemistry. In the present review, recent advances in synthesis routes to hierarchically porous materials are reviewed together with their catalytic contributions.

关键词： hierarchically porous materials     synthesis     application    

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Hierarchically porous zeolites synthesized with carbon materials as templates

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1444-1461 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2090-6

摘要： Hierarchically porous zeolites are promising candidates in catalytic conversion of relatively bulky molecules, and their syntheses have attracted significant attention. From both industrial and scientific perspectives, different carbon materials have been widely employed as hard templates for the preparation of hierarchically porous zeolites during the past two decades. In this review, the progress in synthetic strategies using carbon materials as templates is comprehensively summarized. Depending on the affinity between the carbon templates and zeolite precursors, the substantial strategies for synthesizing hierarchical zeolites are introduced in direct templates and indirect templates. Direct templates methods, by which the carbon materials are directly mixed with precursors gel as hard templates, are first reviewed. Then, we discuss the indirect templates method (crystallization of carbon-silica composites), by which the carbon is produced by in situ pyrolysis of organic-inorganic precursors. In addition, the technique of encapsulating metal species into zeolites crystals with the assistance of carbon templates is also discussed. In the conclusion part, the factors affecting the synthesis of carbon-templated hierarchically porous zeolites are remarked. This review is expected to attract interest in the synthesis strategies of hierarchically porous zeolites, especially cost-effective and large-scale production methodologies, which are essential to the industrial application of hierarchical zeolites.

关键词： hierarchical zeolites     carbon materials     direct templates     indirect templates     carbon-silica composites    

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Heat transfer of phase change materials (PCMs) in porous materials

C Y ZHAO, D ZHOU, Z G WU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 174-180 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0140-3

摘要： In this paper, the feasibility of using metal foams to enhance the heat transfer capability of phase change materials (PCMs) in low- and high-temperature thermal energy storage systems was assessed. Heat transfer in solid/liquid phase change of porous materials (metal foams and expanded graphite) at low and high temperatures was investigated. Organic commercial paraffin wax and inorganic calcium chloride hydrate were employed as the low-temperature materials, whereas sodium nitrate was used as the high-temperature material in the experiment. Heat transfer characteristics of these PCMs embedded with open-cell metal foams were studied. Composites of paraffin and expanded graphite with a graphite mass ratio of 3%, 6%, and 9% were developed. The heat transfer performances of these composites were tested and compared with metal foams. The results indicate that metal foams have better heat transfer performance due to their continuous inter-connected structures than expanded graphite. However, porous materials can suppress the effects of natural convection in liquid zone, particularly for PCMs with low viscosities, thereby leading to different heat transfer performances at different regimes (solid, solid/liquid, and liquid regions). This implies that porous materials do not always enhance heat transfer in every regime.

关键词： heat transfer     thermal energy storage     phase change materials     natural convection     porous media    

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Crystalline porous materials: from zeolites to metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)

Zaiku Xie, Bao-Lian Su

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 123-126 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1921-1

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Encapsulation of polyethylene glycol in cellulose-based porous capsules for latent heat storage and light-to-thermal

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期   页码 1038-1050 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2279-3

摘要： Phase change materials are potential candidates for the application of latent heat storage. Herein, we fabricated porous capsules as shape-stable materials from cellulose-based polyelectrolyte complex, which were first prepared using cellulose 6-(N-pyridinium)hexanoyl ester as the cationic polyelectrolyte and carboxymethyl cellulose as the anionic polyelectrolyte to encapsulate polyethylene glycol by the vacuum impregnation method. Furthermore, the multi-walled carbon nanotube or graphene oxide, which were separately composited into the polyelectrolytes complex capsules to enhance thermal conductivity and light-to-thermal conversion efficiency. These capsules owned a typical core–shell structure, with an extremely high polyethylene glycol loading up to 34.33 g∙g‒1. After loading of polyethylene glycol, the resulted cellulose-based composite phase change materials exhibited high thermal energy storage ability with the latent heat up to 142.2 J∙g‒1, which was 98.5% of pure polyethylene glycol. Further results showed that the composite phase change materials demonstrated good form-stable property and thermal stability. Moreover, studies involving light-to-thermal conversion determined that composite phase change materials exhibited outstanding light-to-thermal conversion performance. Considering their exceptional comprehensive features, innovative composite phase change materials generated from cellulose presented a highly interesting choice for thermal management and renewable thermal energy storage.

关键词： cellulose     polyelectrolytes     phase change materials     thermal energy storage     light-to-thermal conversion    

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Computational design of heterogeneous catalysts and gas separation materials for advanced chemical processing

Huaiwei Shi, Teng Zhou

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 49-59 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1959-0

摘要： Functional materials are widely used in chemical industry in order to reduce the process cost while simultaneously increase the product quality. Considering their significant effects, systematic methods for the optimal selection and design of materials are essential. The conventional synthesis-and-test method for materials development is inefficient and costly. Additionally, the performance of the resulting materials is usually limited by the designer’s expertise. During the past few decades, computational methods have been significantly developed and they now become a very important tool for the optimal design of functional materials for various chemical processes. This article selectively focuses on two important process functional materials, namely heterogeneous catalyst and gas separation agent. Theoretical methods and representative works for computational screening and design of these materials are reviewed.

关键词： heterogeneous catalyst     gas separation     solvent     porous adsorbent     material screening and design    

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Photothermal materials for efficient solar powered steam generation

Fenghua Liu, Yijian Lai, Binyuan Zhao, Robert Bradley, Weiping Wu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 636-653 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1824-1

摘要： Solar powered steam generation is an emerging area in the field of energy harvest and sustainable technologies. The nano-structured photothermal materials are able to harvest energy from the full solar spectrum and convert it to heat with high efficiency. Moreover, the materials and structures for heat management as well as the mass transportation are also brought to the forefront. Several groups have reported their materials and structures as solutions for high performance devices, a few creatively coupled other physical fields with solar energy to achieve even better results. This paper provides a systematic review on the recent developments in photothermal nanomaterial discovery, material selection, structural design and mass/heat management, as well as their applications in seawater desalination and fresh water production from waste water with free solar energy. It also discusses current technical challenges and likely future developments. This article will help to stimulate novel ideas and new designs for the photothermal materials, towards efficient, low cost practical solar-driven clean water production.

关键词： solar stream generation     plasmonics     porous carbon     photothermal materials     solar energy conversion efficiency     water vapor generation rate    

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生物医用有色金属材料研究现状与未来发展

关绍康,朱世杰,郑玉峰,王云兵,张兴栋

《中国工程科学》 2023年 第25卷 第1期   页码 104-112 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.01.008

摘要：

生物医用有色金属材料发展迅速，形成了适应不同体内环境、不同组织的医用有色金属材料及器件体系；着眼未来开展领域研究规划，提升新型医用有色金属材料及器件的临床应用水平，兼具理论研究与实践应用价值。本文论述了生物医用有色金属材料在耐蚀性、耐磨性、疲劳强度及韧性、生物适配性等方面的关键性能要求，系统梳理了永久性植入有色金属材料、生物可降解有色金属材料、多孔医用有色金属材料、医用有色金属表面改性等细分领域的研究进展、发展趋势与科学问题。在凝练各类生物医用有色金属材料未来研究方向的基础上，提出了加强基础与关键核心技术研究、组建“产学研医监”协同创新体、建立相关标准及规范、培育高精尖人才体系等发展建议，以期为新型材料发展布局与前沿技术研发提供先导性参考。

关键词： 生物医用有色金属材料；永久性植入有色金属材料；生物可降解有色金属材料；多孔医用有色金属材料；医用有色金属表面改性    

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Fabricating sustainable lignin-derived porous carbon as electrode for high-performance supercapacitors

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期   页码 1065-1074 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2313-0

摘要： Lignocellulosic biomass such as plants and agricultural waste are ideal to tackle the current energy crisis and energy-related environmental issues. Carbon-rich lignin is abundant in lignocellulosic biomass, whose high-value transformation and utilization has been the most urgent problem to be solved. Herein, we propose a method for the preparation of porous carbon from lignin employing an H3PO4-assisted hydrothermal method. We characterize the as-prepared lignin-derived porous carbon and investigate its potential for energy storage. After assisted hydrothermal treatment followed by carbonization at 800 °C, the lignin-derived porous carbon displays a high specific capacitance (223.6 F·g–1 at 0.1 A·g–1) and excellent cycling ability with good capacitance retention. In this present study, the resultant lignin-derived porous carbon was used as the electrode of a supercapacitor, illustrating yet another potential high-value use for lignin, namely as a candidate for the sustainable fabrication of main supercapacitor components.

关键词： lignin     porous carbon     electrode     supercapacitor    

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Optimized porous clay heterostructure for removal of acetaldehyde and toluene from indoor air

Pu ZHAO,Lizhong ZHU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 219-228 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0760-z

摘要： Adsorption is the most widely used technology for the removal of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, existing adsorbent-based technologies are inadequate to meet the regulatory requirement, due to their limited adsorption capacity and efficiency, especially under high relative humidity (RH) conditions. In this study, a series of new porous clay heterostructure (PCH) adsorbents with various ratios of micropores to mesopores were synthesized, characterized and tested for the adsorption of acetaldehyde and toluene. Two of them, PCH25 and PCH50, exhibited markedly improved adsorption capability, especially for hydrophilic acetaldehyde. The improved adsorption was attributed to their large micropore areas and high micropore-to-mesopore volume ratios. The amount of acetaldehyde adsorbed onto PCH25 at equilibrium reached 62.7 mg·g , eight times as much as the amount adsorbed onto conventional activated carbon (AC). Even at a high RH of 80%, PCH25 removed seven and four times more of the acetaldehyde than AC and the unmodified raw PCHs did, respectively. This new PCH optimized for their high adsorption and resistance to humidity has promising applications as a cost-effective adsorbent for indoor air purification.

关键词： porous clay heterostructure     volatile organic compounds     adsorption     adsorbent     indoor air    

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Maximum entropy based finite element analysis of porous media

Emad NOROUZI, Hesam MOSLEMZADEH, Soheil MOHAMMADI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 364-379 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0470-x

摘要： The maximum entropy theory has been used in a wide variety of physical, mathematical and engineering applications in the past few years. However, its application in numerical methods, especially in developing new shape functions, has attracted much interest in recent years. These shape functions possess the potential for performing better than the conventional basis functions in problems with randomly generated coarse meshes. In this paper, the maximum entropy theory is adopted to spatially discretize the deformation variable of the governing coupled equations of porous media. This is in line with the well-known fact that higher-order shape functions can provide more stable solutions in porous problems. Some of the benchmark problems in deformable porous media are solved with the developed approach and the results are compared with available references.

关键词： maximum entropy FEM     fully coupled multi-phase system     porous media    

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S-enriched porous polymer derived N-doped porous carbons for electrochemical energy storage and conversion

Chao Zhang, Chenbao Lu, Shuai Bi, Yang Hou, Fan Zhang, Ming Cai, Yafei He, Silvia Paasch, Xinliang Feng, Eike Brunner, Xiaodong Zhuang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 346-357 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1727-6

摘要：

Porous polymers have been recently recognized as one of the most important precursors for fabrication of heteroatom-doped porous carbons due to the intrinsic porous structure, easy available heteroatom-containing monomers and versatile polymerization methods. However, the heteroatom elements in as-produced porous carbons are quite relied on monomers. So far, the manipulating of heteroatom in porous polymer derived porous carbons are still very rare and challenge. In this work, a sulfur-enriched porous polymer, which was prepared from a diacetylene-linked porous polymer, was used as precursor to prepare S-doped and/or N-doped porous carbons under nitrogen and/or ammonia atmospheres. Remarkably, S content can sharply decrease from 36.3% to 0.05% after ammonia treatment. The N content and specific surface area of as-fabricated porous carbons can reach up to 1.32% and 1508 m2·g−1, respectively. As the electrode materials for electrical double-layer capacitors, as-fabricated porous carbons exhibit high specific capacitance of up to 431.6 F·g−1 at 5 mV·s−1 and excellent cycling stability of 99.74% capacitance retention after 3000 cycles at 100 mV·s−1. Furthermore, as the electrochemical catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction, as-fabricated porous carbons presented ultralow half-wave-potential of 0.78 V versus RHE. This work not only offers a new strategy for manipulating S and N doping features for the porous carbons derived from S-containing porous polymers, but also paves the way for the structure-performance interrelationship study of heteroatoms co-doped porous carbon for energy applications.

关键词： porous polymers     porous carbons     sulfur and nitrogen doping     supercapacitor    

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Boron and nitrogen co-doped porous carbon derived from sodium alginate enhanced capacitive deionization

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 2014-2024 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2346-4

摘要： Capacitive deionization can alleviate water shortage and water environmental pollution, but performances are greatly determined by the electrochemical and desalination properties of its electrode materials. In this work, B and N co-doped porous carbon with micro-mesoporous structures is derived from sodium alginate by a carbonization, activation, and hydrothermal doping process, which exhibits large specific surface area (2587 m2·g‒1) and high specific capacitance (190.7 F·g‒1) for adsorption of salt ions and heavy metal ions. Furthermore, the materials provide a desalination capacity of 26.9 mg·g−1 at 1.2 V in 500 mg·L‒1 NaCl solution as well as a high removal capacity (239.6 mg·g‒1) and adsorption rate (7.99 mg·g‒1·min‒1) for Pb2+ with an excellent cycle stability. This work can pave the way to design low-cost porous carbon with high-performances for removal of salt ions and heavy metal ions.

关键词： capacitance deionization     porous carbon     B/N co-doping     heavy metal ions     water purification    

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The role of single deformed bubble on porous foam tray with submerged orifices on the mass transfer enhancement

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 2127-2143 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2363-3

摘要： Foam trays with porous submerged orifices endow bubbles uniformly distributed, which are considered attractive column internals to enhance the gas-liquid mass transfer process. However, its irregular orifice and complex gas-liquid flow make it lack pore-scale investigations concerning the transfer mechanism of dynamic bubbling. In this work, the actual porous structure of the foam tray is obtained based on micro computed tomography technology. The shape, dynamic, and mass transfer of rising bubbles at porous orifices are investigated using the volume of fluid and continue surface force model. The results demonstrate that the liquid encroaching on the gas channels causes the increasing orifices velocity, which makes the trailing bubble easily detach from the midst of the leading bubble and causes pairing coalescence. Additionally, we found that the central breakup regimes significantly improve the gas-liquid interface area and mass transfer efficiency. This discovery exemplifies the mechanism of mass transfer intensification for foam trays and serves to promote its further development.

关键词： bubble formation     porous submerged orifices     process intensification     foam tray    

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An investigation on prevalent strategies for XFEM-based numerical modeling of crack growth in porous

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 914-936 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0750-8

摘要： Crack growth modeling has always been one of the major challenges in fracture mechanics. Among all numerical methods, the extended finite element method (XFEM) has recently attracted much attention due to its ability to estimate the discontinuous deformation field. However, XFEM modeling does not directly lead to reliable results, and choosing a strategy of implementation is inevitable, especially in porous media. In this study, two prevalent XFEM strategies are evaluated: a) applying reduced Young’s modulus to pores and b) using different partitions to the model and enriching each part individually. We mention the advantages and limitations of each strategy via both analytical and experimental validations. Finally, the crack growth is modeled in a natural porous media (Fontainebleau sandstone). Our investigations proved that although both strategies can identically predict the stress distribution in the sample, the first strategy simulates only the initial crack propagation, while the second strategy could model multiple cracks growths. Both strategies are reliable and highly accurate in calculating the stress intensity factor, but the second strategy can compute a more reliable reaction force. Experimental tests showed that the second strategy is a more accurate strategy in predicting the preferred crack growth path and determining the maximum strength of the sample.

关键词： numerical modeling     extended finite element method     porous media     crack growth     stress intensity factor    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Hierarchically porous materials: Synthesis strategies and emerging applications

Minghui Sun, Chen Chen, Lihua Chen, Baolian Su

期刊论文

Hierarchically porous zeolites synthesized with carbon materials as templates

期刊论文

Heat transfer of phase change materials (PCMs) in porous materials

C Y ZHAO, D ZHOU, Z G WU

期刊论文

Crystalline porous materials: from zeolites to metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)

Zaiku Xie, Bao-Lian Su

期刊论文

Encapsulation of polyethylene glycol in cellulose-based porous capsules for latent heat storage and light-to-thermal

期刊论文

Computational design of heterogeneous catalysts and gas separation materials for advanced chemical processing

Huaiwei Shi, Teng Zhou

期刊论文

Photothermal materials for efficient solar powered steam generation

Fenghua Liu, Yijian Lai, Binyuan Zhao, Robert Bradley, Weiping Wu

期刊论文

生物医用有色金属材料研究现状与未来发展

关绍康,朱世杰,郑玉峰,王云兵,张兴栋

期刊论文

Fabricating sustainable lignin-derived porous carbon as electrode for high-performance supercapacitors

期刊论文

Optimized porous clay heterostructure for removal of acetaldehyde and toluene from indoor air

Pu ZHAO,Lizhong ZHU

期刊论文

Maximum entropy based finite element analysis of porous media

Emad NOROUZI, Hesam MOSLEMZADEH, Soheil MOHAMMADI

期刊论文

S-enriched porous polymer derived N-doped porous carbons for electrochemical energy storage and conversion

Chao Zhang, Chenbao Lu, Shuai Bi, Yang Hou, Fan Zhang, Ming Cai, Yafei He, Silvia Paasch, Xinliang Feng, Eike Brunner, Xiaodong Zhuang

期刊论文

Boron and nitrogen co-doped porous carbon derived from sodium alginate enhanced capacitive deionization

期刊论文

The role of single deformed bubble on porous foam tray with submerged orifices on the mass transfer enhancement

期刊论文

An investigation on prevalent strategies for XFEM-based numerical modeling of crack growth in porous

期刊论文